![]() Sponge larvae are able to swim however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum. The simplest of all the invertebrates, Porifera (sponges) do not display tissue-level organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. The information below was adapted from OpenStax Biology 28.1 Study tip: As you read this section, use the above phylogenetic tree to organize the groups. In the following sections, we will review the key features used to differentiate invertebrate groups. In addition to lacking a spine, most invertebrates also lack an endoskeleton. Invertebrate animals are those without a cranium and defined vertebral column or spine. However, concentrating on vertebrates gives us a rather biased and limited view of biodiversity because it ignores nearly 97 percent of all animals, namely the invertebrates. Now, what you might generally picture in your head as an animal may be your dog, a bird, or a fish, or another species with a backbone.
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